The directive entered into force on 16 January 2023 and member states had to transpose it by 17 October 2024. Most missed that deadline, so the date that matters is the national one. In Germany, the NIS2-Umsetzungsgesetz was promulgated on 5 December 2025 and the BSIG has applied since 6 December 2025 with no transition period, which made the registration deadline 6 March 2026. Ireland, Spain, France, and the Netherlands had still not transposed when the Commission referred them to the Court of Justice of the European Union on 8 July 2026.